## Overview of the HLMP-R100 The **HLMP-R100** is a high-intensity, solid-state LED lamp. It belongs to a family of T-1 ¾ (5mm) subminiature lamps designed for applications requiring high reliability and performance in a standard package. ### 1. Key Technical Specifications The following table highlights the primary electrical and optical characteristics of the HLMP-R100: | Parameter | Specification | Units | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Color** | High Efficiency Red | - | | **Material** | GaP on GaAsP | - | | **Lens Appearance** | Red Diffused | - | | **Luminous Intensity** | 2.1 (min) to 5.0 (typ) | mcd | | **Forward Voltage ($V_F$)** | 1.9 (typ) / 3.0 (max) | Volts | | **Peak Wavelength** | 635 | nm | | **Viewing Angle** | 90 | Degrees | | **Max Forward Current** | 30 | mA | --- ### 2. Physical Construction The device is built using a standard **T-1 ¾ (5mm)** package, which is the most common size for through-hole LEDs. * **Diffused Lens:** The "Red Diffused" lens means the plastic casing is tinted and cloudy. This scatters the light, providing a wide viewing angle ($90^\circ$) and making the light appear uniform across the dome rather than a sharp point. * **Lead Frame:** Features standard silver-plated copper leads for through-hole PCB mounting. --- ### 3. Electrical Behavior Like most Gallium Arsenide Phosphide (GaAsP) LEDs, the HLMP-R100 exhibits a non-linear relationship between voltage and current. * **Current Limiting:** A resistor must be used in series with the HLMP-R100 to prevent thermal runaway. * **Reverse Voltage:** It has a typical maximum reverse voltage ($V_R$) of **5.0V**. Exceeding this can damage the PN junction. * **Typical Circuit Calculation:** To run this LED at 20mA from a 5V supply: ```text R = (V_supply - V_forward) / I_forward R = (5V - 1.9V) / 0.020A = 155 Ohms ``` --- ### 4. Common Applications Due to its wide viewing angle and high-efficiency red output, it is commonly used for: 1. **Status Indicators:** Power-on lights for consumer electronics. 2. **Panel Illumination:** Backlighting for buttons or legends. 3. **Diagnostic Tools:** Visible signals on industrial control boards.